I remember the first time I heard about visualization. I was in college, and I had stumbled upon the book “Creative Visualization” by Shakti Gawain. I read and reread that book cover to cover. It seemed to provide an easy solution to all of the problems in my life. Simply visualize myself living the life I wanted, having all of the things my heart desired and achieving everything I aspired to accomplish. And then – like magic if I did it correctly – my life would be transformed.
Apparently I didn’t do it right, because I’m still waiting for the ponies and rainbows and leprechauns with overflowing pots of gold to show up …
It wasn’t for lack of trying. I tried really, really hard. I snapped up the many books that have since come out, all variations on the same theme, searching for the secrets of this technique. I got really good at vividly “seeing” what I wanted, and experiencing it with all five senses, just like the books said.
The funny thing is, the areas of my life where I spent a lot of time and energy visualizing were the areas where I made the least progress. And the areas of my life where I was most successful were the ones where I simply set a goal, figured out what I needed to do to get there, and got to work walking out the steps.
I figured it was because I had some major subconscious blocks, or maybe my energy vibrations were off, or my chakras were clogged… something mysterious had to be going on, because visualization just wasn’t working for me the way it was supposed to.
At least, that’s what I thought…
The Science Behind Visualization
Not long ago I stumbled onto a reference to a set of scientific studies evaluating different visualization strategies… and the proverbial light bulb went on. Not only was I visualizing the wrong thing, but the way I was going about visualization may actually have been sabotaging my chances of success.
First, in a series of studies, researchers divided a class of college students into three groups, one of which was instructed to visualize their desired outcome (e.g., getting an “A” on an exam), the second group was told to visualize the process needed to achieve the goal (e.g., study sessions, spending time in the library, etc…), and the third ‘control’ group didn’t do any visualization. Perhaps it’s not surprising, but the group that visualized the process performed the best, studied the most, and achieved higher grades than the other two groups. But here’s the real shocker: the group of students who visualized themselves getting good grades performed the worst across the board. Students who didn’t visualize at all were better off. (1)
But, that’s just one set of studies, right? And it makes no sense, right?
Well, actually, there have been other studies that show the same thing (2-5), and they start to explain the reason for this bizarre and unexpected outcome. It all has to do with how the brain operates. You see, our brains can’t really tell the difference between a ‘real’ experience and something we vividly imagine – an intense fantasy will trigger the same physiologic reactions as if we experienced the same thing in real life (this is why your heart is racing and you’re dripping with sweat when you wake up from a nightmare).
This is the argument for how creative visualization is supposed to work – your subconscious comes to believe that whatever you are visualizing is real, and is therefore compelled to create the equivalent experience in the 3D physical world.
Sounds logical. Except for one thing – your brain already got its payoff during the visualization session, and that actually decreases the motivation and energy to take the actions necessary to pursue the idealized future we visualized in the real world.
A series of studies by psychologists Heather Barry Kappes and Gabriele Oettingen showed that positive fantasies (i.e., visualizing an idealized future event) were associated with lower energy, measured by physiological and behavioral changes, compared with questioning, negative, or neutral fantasies. The kicker is that the positive images lowered energy the most when they were associated with a more important, compared with a less important, need. (6)
Basically, the more you want or need a result to happen, the more visualizing it sucks away the energy and motivation needed to make it happen. Further, seeing the ‘goal’ as if it has already been achieved can trick your brain into thinking you don’t need to invest effort to make it happen, or that there won’t be obstacles along the way. You go into relaxation mode when you need to be in work mode.
Yikes.
So does this mean we should do away with visualization altogether? Not necessarily.
Visualize the Process
Let’s go back to that first set of studies with the college students. The group that visualized the ‘process’ outperformed all the rest of the students. And that may be the key.
Let’s look at another setting where visualization is used with great success – the world of sports and athletics. In his book “In Pursuit of Excellence”, sports psychologist and performance expert Terry Orlick devotes an entire chapter to positive imagery, and notes that Olympic athletes and world champions typically spend at least 15 minutes a day on mental imagery. (7) Further, most high achievers in a variety of professions – fighter pilots, surgeons, performers, business executives – incorporate some type of positive mental imagery exercises into their routines, particularly before a performance or event.
The key here is what they spend their time visualizing, and it’s usually not the end result. While the Olympic athlete probably has a vision of themselves standing on the podium receiving their medal in their mind to keep themselves going through years of grueling training, in their imaging sessions they are focused on mastering and executing the movements or skills they need to reach that end goal. They imagine themselves handling distractions or overcoming expected obstacles. Once again, it’s the process.
So what does this mean for the rest of us?
If you’ve tried visualization but haven’t experienced the results you desire, try it again, but shift your focus from the imagining the end result to seeing yourself performing the actions you need to take to get there. Ask yourself who you need to be, and what you’ll need to do, to achieve that result. If your dream is to start your own business, see yourself performing the steps and doing the tasks that are involved in running a successful business. If your goal is to lose weight, visualize yourself enjoying eating healthy foods and going to the gym. If you want to write a book, imagine yourself sitting at the computer every day and writing.
As for visualizing the end result, it’s good to have a clear picture of what you’re trying to accomplish, and seeing yourself as capable of achieving it. All high achievers start with a vision of what they want – it guides their steps and keeps them motivated when the going gets tough. Just don’t let that vision slide into daydreaming and fantasizing. Use it as a touchstone, but focus your mental energy on the actions you need to take to turn it into a reality.
Your Turn:
What kind of experiences have you had with visualization? What have you learned? What’s worked and what hasn’t?
References:
- Taylor SE, Pham LB, Rivkin ID, Armor DA. Harnessing the Imagination: Mental Stimulation, Self-Regulation and Coping. American Psychologist. April 1998; 429-439.
- Oettingen, G., & Mayer, D. (2002). The motivating function of thinking about the future: Expectations versus fantasies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 1198−1212.
- Oettingen, G., & Wadden, T. A. (1991). Expectation, fantasy, and weight loss: Is the impact of positive thinking always positive? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 167−175.
- Showers, C. (1992). The motivational and emotional consequences of considering positive or negative possibilities for an upcoming event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 474−484.
- Spencer, S. M., & Norem, J. K. (1996). Reflection and distraction: Defensive pessimism, strategic optimism, and performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22 (4), 354−365.
- Kappes HB and Oettingen G. Positive fantasies about idealized futures sap energy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011;(47)719–729.
- Orlick T. In Pursuit of Excellence (Fifth Edition). Human Kinetics. 2016.
18 thoughts on “Make Visualization More Powerful the Scientific Way”
Well, that was an eye opening blog post to say the least. It makes perfect sense but gosh we’ve been stuck on visualizing success for so long.
The Real Person!
Yes, I was pretty surprised when I first saw the research, but then it all made sense. I think there is still a place for creating a vision of success – to help strengthen our belief that whatever it is, it is possible for us, and to keep us motivated while we work toward our goal – but when it comes to the daily visualizing, science says to focus on the process.
It totally makes sense that group A had it worst than group B! Every time a semester begins, I always set my bar to gain an “A” in a class and eventually I forget that I wanted to finish the class with an “A” because I become so busy making sure that every part of the process is done as best as I can to get an “A”. Breaking things down can actually become a lot beneficial in the long run rather than wishing. Great read!
V/R,
Chana, http://www.weforthree.com
The Real Person!
Thanks Chana! Great insight – breaking down the process and focusing on doing each step as well as possible is the key to success!
fascinating. I had halfheartedly tried visualization it never worked. but it makes sense that the focus should be on the process and not the end result. well explained and thought out, thanks for sharing!
The Real Person!
Thanks Janna! I’d say your experience with visualization is similar to most people’s – but it can be incredibly powerful when you do it the ‘scientific’ way and focus on the process – ask any Olympian 😉
Just this week I came across a video on Youtube about visualizing . I loved this article because life is not magic and rainbows . You have to stay motivated and change your mode of operation and put in the work to achieve the end result . Thoughts become things when there is action involved .
The Real Person!
Exactly Tachiwi! And I love that last line – we need to make it into a t-shirt and bumper sticker: “Thoughts become things when there is action involved.” That would even make a great title for a blog post 🙂
That was just fascinating. At first I thought that the group which visualized the goal would perform the best but it turned out to be complete opposite. Then I realized the process of achieving is much more important than just visualizing goals. Eye opener for me.
The Real Person!
Thanks Devendra! Yes, it is a surprise twist, the opposite of what we’ve been led to believe. I was surprised when I first saw it too, but then relieved because it explained why things weren’t working the way I expected. And the science empowers us to go after our goals more effectively!
Whenever I visualize something, I am always thinking of the end goal and not the process itself. I have therefore never thought about visualizing things the scientific way. Interesting read and definitely an eye opener. Thanks for sharing.
The Real Person!
Thanks! Hopefully this knowledge will empower you to be even more effective as you go after your goals!
Wow I’ve been visualizing the end result as I’ve heard so many times and wondered why it isn’t happening. This was so enlightening! Thank you for writing this!
The Real Person!
Thanks Ifeoluwa! You are not alone in that experience! Hopefully this helps you create the end result you want more easily and efficiently 🙂
Great post. I just read about this particular study recently. It’s amazing how the mind works.
Thanks for sharing.
Judy @sensibledove
The Real Person!
Thanks! Yes, how the brain works fascinating, and studies like this give us the “instructions” for how to use it to our advantage 🙂
Oh, this is fascinating! I use visualization when I’m training for races and I am pretty sure the times I’ve visualized the entire race, not just the finish line, are when I’ve performed the best. I’m excited to do this more often now that I understand the science behind it.
The Real Person!
That’s so cool – thanks for the real-world confirmation! It makes perfect sense in the athletic realm – I can’t imagine an athlete ever thinking that just visualizing themselves winning a race (or PRing) would be enough, they walk the course and think about how they’ll handle different challenges, or study videos of their opponents… but yet we see people trying to simply visualize the end every day in other areas of life – and then wondering why it isn’t enough…